The Theory Of Humanistic Nursing - 1458 Words

Skilled and effective nursing practice is a combination of art and science. Both the art and science of nursing are employed when working with a patient on their health goals. The art of healing is the communicative and relationship building skills while the science of nursing is the technical skills related to the field. Throughout nursing history, theories have been developed that attempt to explain the role of the nurse. These theories often try to either explain the science or art of nursing. Some of these theories attempt to combine the two. In order to understand nursing theory one must also understand the nursing practice. To help readers appreciate the role of the nurse and to understand both the science and art of nursing this paper will discuss nursing as a human science, the nursing theories related to this concept and will offer ways the theory of Humanistic Nursing impacts nursing practice. Nursing is a human science. A human science means that the science occurs in the context of the human being with the individuals own experience and personal understanding taking into account. According to the New York State Nurse Practice Act, â€Å"human response’ means those signs, symptoms, and processes which denote the individual’s interaction with an actual or potential health problem† (Section 6901, par. 3). The New York State Nurse Practice act goes on to state, â€Å"the practice of the profession of nursing as a registered professional nurse is defined as diagnosing andShow MoreRelatedNursing and Healthcare Education: Effective Learning Theories868 Words   |  3 Pageslearning. There are different theories studied by the scholars stating the ways people learn. Theories are differently applied in settings based on the attitude of students, how they learn. This essay focuses on the nursing and healthcare education. Since, with the introduction of new programs in nursing education, the role of the educator or teacher has also been changed. These changes have opened the way to application of different learning theories. Rogers Humanistic Theory has made positive contributionsRead MorePersonal Philosophy : My Philosophy1257 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy My nursing philosophy is helping people in terms of humanistic care, that I discovered it when I was a fourth year nursing student. From my philosophy, I desired to be a family and community health nurse. Since I became a nursing student, I never considered that I needed to have a nursing philosophy to navigate my career. I practiced in hospitals about three years, which I got both negative and positive experiences. In particular, I figured out that working in hospitals persuadeRead MoreEffective Learning Theories689 Words   |  3 Pageslearning. There are different theories studied by the scholars stating the ways people learn. Theories are differently applied in settings based on the attitude of students, how they learn. This essay focuses on the nursing and healthcare education. Since, with the introduction of new programs in nursing education, the role of the educator or teacher has also been changed. These changes have opened the way to application of different learning theories. Rogers Humanistic Theory has made positive contributionsRead MoreEvidence Based Practice For Palliative Care1157 Words   |  5 Pagespalliative care can be directly related to the hospice care. The 76th World Health Assembly emphasized strengthening of palliative care as a global focus. In their article Phillips, and Agar, (2016) review the five practices of exemplary leadership in nursing. The authors believe that World Health Assembly vision for palliative care can be implemented in real practice if nurses fallow those five practices. Each practice is reviewed and explained in this article. The practices identified as, inspire a sharedRead MoreJean Watsons Theory of Caring Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jean Watson’s Theory: The Philosophy and Science of Caring â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing†~Dr. Jean Watson Major Concepts of Watson’s theory: †¢ Main focus in nursing is on carative factors †¢ For nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and value sytem †¢ The caring stance that nursing has is threatened by the demands of the curative factors ( Sitzman, 2007) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- †¢ PublishedRead MoreTimeline: Historical Development of Nursing Science975 Words   |  4 PagesTimeline: Historical Development of Nursing Science Nursing science provides the basis for professional nursing practice. Nursing theories provide the critical thinking structures to direct the clinical decision- making process of professional nursing practice. The relationship between theory, research, and practice is circular in nature. As new knowledge and discoveries emerge in each of these realms, the cutting edge of the art and science of the discipline of nursing evolves. (1860) Florence Nightingale:Read MoreThe History of Nursing Science1076 Words   |  4 Pagespinpoint the roots of nursing. The motivations and concerns that underlie the nursing practice care, compassion, the need to ensure the health and happiness of others seem hardwired into our human nature, and have expressed themselves in a multitude of ways throughout human history, from mothers tending to their sick children to soldiers caring for their wounded brothers on the battlefield. But nursing science, the body of knowledge that has both arisen from and informed the nursing profession as we nowRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesTheorist’s Biography Abraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). MaslowRead MoreLearning Theories Are The Core Of Educational Systems919 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of learning play a role in choices instructors make concerning their teaching. According to Aliakbari, Parvin, Heidari, Haghani (2015), learning theories are the core of educational systems in nursing, which help provide an environment for learning. Truly, it may be difficult for teachers to identify each student level of cognitive development and social influences, which affect learning. There are many variable s that influence and contribute to students learning. Teachers must serve asRead MoreJean Watsons Theory Of Human Caring1081 Words   |  5 PagesJean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring â€Å"Consistent with the wisdom and vision of Florence Nightingale, nursing is a lifetime journey of caring and healing, seeking to understand and preserve the wholeness of human existence, and to offer compassionate, informed, knowledgeable human caring to society and humankind.† – Jean Watson Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was developed between 1975 and 1979 as â€Å"an attempt to bring meaning and focus to nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health

The Pros And Cons Of Going To Mars - 703 Words

You literally have better chances of going to Mars than getting placed through this company. They have a big name and reputation in the market but, no body knows how shitty it is being here. They have a lot of money with them to spend and ‘Had’ a good name in the market - that’s what made them arrogant also tala pogaru. Frustrated OPT guy. There is absolutely no way you can get a job through with this company. If I would have chosen some other, I would have done at least a single project by now. RSRIT, if you guys cant get jobs for the people then f**kin say it on our face. I will say that this company ruined my career, I personally know many people who are facing a lot of problems without even a single project. There is not even a single†¦show more content†¦You keep asking so called heads of RSRIT about those positions and a lame guy comes in to scene and says I am working for DataFactZ and RSRIT who will be their relative. Funny thing is, I once got a call from a guy saying ‘Our records say that you are a professional, there is an excellent opportunity’ and when I tell him that I am in the same company, he says we cant offer you. What an irony! If many people go to them everyday bugging them that marketing is not good and ask them like ‘what is this no jobs for these many days’. They will say lets see what you have got and will conduct assessment tests tor everyone and those questions will be so damn difficult that even a guy who is working on that for 2 years can’t answer. This company’s show-off will never go. That exam will have camera, screen recorder and every damn thing you name. 20 questions 20 minutes, 2 pages questions - 1 min for each. No Einstein can read 2 pages under 1 minute. So obviously you are not going to perform well in the exam. Then they will say you didn’t do anything we will stop your marketing till you qualify it, as if it was going well before. So basically if you go and ask, they will keep another exam and will say - you know nothing what will you do if you get a job. Come on study. And there will no difference even if you pass it luckily. Exams like this have been conducted 3 times proving us useless piece of s**t every damn time. And finally they say its your luck thatShow MoreRelatedKids o r No Kids Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesbig decision on whether or not they want kids. I start out my paper by talking about how important this decision is and how it effects other people. Then I start to talk about all the pros of having kids. After that I point out all the cons of having children. The next part of the paper is all about the pros and cons of not having kids. As you will see there are a lot of different perspectives on this topic. This paper is not to persuade you to have or not to have kids; it is simply just to giveRead MoreShould Capital Punishment Still be Used in the American System1260 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides closure for grieving families. 2. It helps minimize the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. 3. The death penalty helps deter crime. Other reasons include that the death penalty helps the economy by eliminating taxpayer dollars going to support the care for these criminals and DNA testing can now effectively eliminate most suspicion as to a persons guilt or innocence (proconlists.com). Proponents argue that the death penalty will serve as a deterrent to abhorrent behavior. HoweverRead More Should the Age for Getting a License be Higher Than 16? Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesaccident than someone who has been driving for years? Raising the driving age will put teenagers and others on the road out of the risk of getting in an accident. With the pros and cons, teens are inexperienced, putting those around them at risk, and are distracted very easily. The use of appeal to logos and pathos explains the pros and cons of teens and driving. One claim explaining why the age limit to get a driver’s license should be higher than sixteen is teenagers are very inexperienced when firstRead MoreEssay on ObamaCare - The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act1445 Words   |  6 Pagesrights, and protections in regards to their healthcare and setting up a Health Insurance Marketplace where Americans can purchase Federally regulated and subsidized health insurance† (â€Å"What is ObamaCare/ What is Obama Care., 1). In this paper I’m going to explore if ObamaCare is worth the risk. ObamaCare has an ongoing list of changes that many Americans can benefit from in the future. It can help out so many people who have low-paying jobs and can’t afford to get good health care. WithinRead MoreFood Stamps706 Words   |  3 PagesWriting to Inform - Food Stamps The government has many funds going across the United States to help support the residents of its country. Food stamps, also known as SNAP (Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program) or TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) is a resource that provides people with a way to buy food if they don’t have the money to do so. This aid is given in different forms such as a LINK card, cash and/or paper that resembles money but can be redeemed for food.Most peopleRead MoreThe Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Orders1729 Words   |  7 Pageswheelchair, has been invited to classmates’ birthday parties and [is] stimulated by his regular class, despite the fact that his disability hinders the performance of many tasks such as pasting, measuring and counting† (Hildebrand). For Patrick, going to birthday parties is one of the best ways he can enhance his social skills because it is a friendly environment that encourages him to interact with peers. Academic ally, Patrick has not yet comprehended the tasks that his classmates have alreadyRead MoreWhy Buying American Is The Best Choice1571 Words   |  7 Pagescountries and strictly buy just American made goods that could give us a chance to lower the trade deficit and to increase our economic growth. In trying to strictly buy just American made products there are going to be pros and cons but no matter what you do there are always pros and cons. The pros to doing this would be better quality as the American made products are normally much nicer and more reliable, just think if you buy from American companies it will probably be so much easier to contact theRead MoreImportance Of Censorship In Society1406 Words   |  6 Pagesplays a role in censorship when it comes to political censorship. This is basically where they hold back information from the people. They do this to show control thus preventing free expression. There are pros and cons to everything in life, and the same thing goes for censorship. First, the pros for censorship. The innocence of children in dealing with censorship is very important and i think it sgould be habdled accordingly. There is such a wide array of things that can be found on the internetRead MoreChanging a Five Day School Week to a Four Day School Week1006 Words   |  5 Pagesbig problem for children and families who are poor and cannot afford a person to take care of their children during work. Everyone knows that education for children has an impact on the future of this country. Our education/ learning system has been going on pretty good or let’s just say progressing every day and taking a brake would obviously low the percentage down of getting all these things we hope for. Lots of high schools, middle schools and elementary schools have game time/P.E which makes childrenRead MoreI Think The World Can Be Helped Through Design856 Words   |  4 Pages message. Is this ethical? Arguments can be made pro, and con, but let’s face it the bottom line is being profitable, whether it be judged, and/or generated, by the number of website â€Å"hits†, viewership and/or readership numbers. NASA recently confirmed evidence that water flows intermittently on present day Mars (Anderson, 2015). A recent online Washington Post article, by Joel Achenbach, is critical of the discovery of â€Å"flowing water† on Mars. In it Achenbach quotes professor emeritus at George

Gucci Position free essay sample

Map the competitive positions of the different players in the luxury goods business. Who are the best-positioned players? Why? It is difficult to find a precise definition of â€Å"luxury†, but it’s generally identified with high quality and price products in the fields of fashion, luggage, jewelry, cosmetics, fragrances, watches, and drinks. In the luxury goods business there are 35 companies that share 60% of the market, but only 6 of them have revenues in excess of $1 billion. Considering the definition explained before, the most important companies which belong to the market are: Louis Vuitton, Cartier, Gucci, Prada, Hermes, Bulgari, Tod’s, Celine, Jil Sander, Kenzo, Valentino, Lacroix, Donna Karan, TAG Heuer, Armani, Tiffany, Chanel, Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger. It is an interesting market because it is completely focused on the quality of the product from every point of view: the beauty and the design of the product, the refinement and affectation of raw materials, the meaning of the product (the style and the social status of the person to whom it belongs) and the values and emotions that it transfers. As a result, the company focus is mainly on differentiation rather than on cost, therefore these companies follow a differentiation strategy in order to obtain a differentiation advantage. This feature of the market is reflected on the companies’ results, for example looking at the return on sales ratios of Gucci (27% in 1999) in relation to ther company markets like Coca-Cola Company (10,6% in 2000), Amazon (6,8% in 2000) and Dell (8% in 1998). Considering the market in general, LVMH holds the first position followed by Vendome that represents the leaders of the market. While Vendome’s products portfolio regards watches, jewelry and writing instruments (with brands like Cartier, Vacheron Constantin and Mont Blanc), LVMH is especially concentrated on lather goods and fashion, drinks and perfumes and cosmetics (with brands like Louis Vuitton, Moet Chandon, Bulgari, Dior and Sephora). The competitive LVMH advantage (that brings the company to a revenues level of $8. 2 billion) is based on two main capabilities (understood as the firm’s capacity to deploy resources for a desired end result). The first one is the possibility to exploit the synergies between the different brands both in the development and the manufacturing of the product (sharing the expertise and the skills) and the relationship with the suppliers (thanks to the greater bargaining power due to the fact that they act as a single group). The second one is the high level of vertical integration that allows a strict control on the quality, the distribution and the image; this politics is carried out thanks to the high number of acquisitions (as the Sephora, Dior and Bulgari cases testify). Leather goods and fashion represent 27% of LVMH revenues in 1999 ($2. 2 billion) and it is probably considered the most important field of luxury goods market. However LVMH (with Louis Vuitton especially) is not the leader in this branch of the market where Hermes holds the first position. Hermes is at the top of the leather goods market both for the quality (with the famous crocodile leather handbags embellished with diamonds for which consumers can wait also one year) and the price (which start from $4300 and can arrive to $60000 or more). Chanel is one step lower, with its famous international prestige and with its unique and inimitable products that have made history in fashion (like the handbag 2. 55). Chanel is differently positioned from Hermes both for materials refinement and for prices that start from $1500. Finally, Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Prada are in the third positions. Their products are more approachable than Hermes’ and Chanel’s, so they have a broader target. Luis Vuitton is one of the flagships of LVMH and it is completely inserted in the general strategy of the company. The products are made of monogram canvas and leather and produced in factories in France. The weight of Louis Vuitton in LVMH company is high: 18% of revenues and 47% of operating income in 1999. Prada is an Italian luxury firm that becomes famous thanks to its quilted black nylon tote priced between $200 and $500 in 1985. So, considering the quality and the price of the product, it is clear that Prada positioned itself as a more accessible brand (in relation with Hermes or Chanel) even if it remained a luxury brand. 2. Where was Gucci positioned in 1990? 1994? 2000? What were the critical moves made by De Sole to reposition the company? Gucci position in 1990: At the end of 1980s there were a lot of fake Gucci products as the Brian Blake (who became the president of Gucci division in 2000) words testify: â€Å"Gucci would not be considered a luxury company by luxury goods players like Chanel and Hermes. It was pretty much trading on its past reputation†. Therefore the company decided to reinvent Gucci as classic brand that doesn’t follow the changes in fashion market, but which is a â€Å"matter of style†. In this period Gucci is focused on selling (with high prices and a disorganized production) even if the inventory system is not able to react to this selling policy. Consequently, in this period Gucci has bad brand image and an unstable financial situation (from 1991 to 1993 Gucci had losses of $102 million). Gucci position in 1994: De Sole is nominated COO and builds a great partnership with Tom Ford that represents the soul of the company. The first change they make is to unify the Gucci parts into a coherent whole both for the brand image and for the distribution policy. The company focuses on fashion (especially on leather goods, shoes and ready to wear) breaking with the past and deeply changing the style addressing to a â€Å"modern, urban consumer, with a youthful spirit, no matter what her age†. Moreover Gucci lowered price on average by 30%, doubled advertising expenditure, and changed its distribution channel in order to â€Å"create an arresting image in a world you want to be a part of† even in the company remains anchored to one of its core competence: the great quality of Italian craftsmanship. Not only did management restore Gucci’s image, maintaining it as a luxury brand, but also refreshed it so that Gucci would become a valid alternative to Hermes or Gucci. The financial reflects the results of this change: from $264 million of sales in 1994 to $880 million in 1996. Gucci became one of the strongest players in the luxury goods market bringing it to the attention of its larger competitor, LVMH. LVMH unsuccessfully tried to buy the majority stake of the company. Meanwhile Gucci acquired in 1997 Gucci Timepieces, in 1999 YSL and Sergio Rossi becoming an international, multibrand company with new markets and products. The level of sales changed from $1. 236 billion in 1999 to $2. 528 billion in 2002 increasing considerably the market share of the company. 3. Evaluate De Sole’s latest strategic move to buy Yves Saint Laurent (YSL) and Sergio Rossi. â€Å"When I inherited control of the company in 1994, everything was in disarray,† is the description De Sole used to explain his position upon becoming COO of Gucci in 1994. At this point in time, much of Gucci’s difficulties can be attributed to the fact that the company was very disorganized and out of unison. Gucci’s many parts were slapped together rather than fitting together like pieces of a puzzle. De Sole described bringing the Gucci brand into a united company as his first major task as COO. His belief was to consolidate everything that enhanced the image of the Gucci brand, and discard anything that detracted from it, regardless if it made money. From this point of view, De Sole’s latest strategic move to buy YSL and Sergio Rossi is difficult to understand. Gucci’s incredible recovery from a disbanded brand to one with a core image is not in sync with De Sole’s strategy to expand to a multibrand company. While the company does—for the time being—have a unified team at the top of organizational structure, there are already hints of separation amongst the lead management. The structure is described as â€Å"far-flung†, with leaders, who should be working together in day-to-day operations, scattered in London, Florence, Milan, and Switzerland just to name a few places. While communication technologies have advanced, being able to share information and pass ideas in person is essential amongst executives, especially when the goal of the company is to be unified. How the executives interact is symbolic of the company. It’s easy to see how the separation of the company’s leaders can trickle down the company structure and be reflected in the image and quality of the company’s various brands.

Traveling to New Places Essay Example For Students

Traveling to New Places Essay When I was two my parents took me to a toy store; we were on a day trip. I can somehow still remember the store and the bridge we crossed to get to it. (I’m from Cape Cod, Massachusetts so it was either the Bourne or Sagamore Bridge. ) To this day I feel the excitement of a little kid when thinking about my dad taking the teddy bear off the shelf for me. I loved that teddy bear, Beary, more than anything. I became so attached to it that it became impossible for me to sleep without Beary in my arms every night. We will write a custom essay on Traveling to New Places specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When my dad took Beary off the shelf in the toy store he was brand new. His fur was a shiny, soft, honey color. The Teddy Bear’s eyes were brown (plastic) with black pupils. There was a red ribbon tied around his neck in a bow. I had my mom cut it off though. When I squeezed him, he was like a fluffy pillow. His paws were heavy and filled with tiny little bead-like things. The claws were marked by four stitches on each foot. The bear’s nose was hard plastic, which was covered in soft velvet. As a little girl I loved traveling and discovering new places to explore; especially day trips. During the day I was independent and nothing could stop me. I would go home and sleep in my own bed but being in the dark was the scariest situation for me to be in as a child. When I was going to bed and it was dark that was a different story. Beary was always there to give me confidence. At some point I dreamt that Beary fought off monsters while I was sleeping. This made it very easy to go to bed. If I was sleeping at a relative’s house or a hotel, though, it was terrifying. There were new scary noises that only seemed audible when the lights were off. I would squeeze Beary tightly and hide under my covers. After a little while the fear would disappear because I knew that Beary was going to keep me safe. All of this surprised my parents sometimes because I was always so fearless during the day. At, night though, I could not sleep without Beary and was too scared to open my eyes unless the door was open a crack. Beary not only fought off the monsters in the dark, but did battle with my tears as well. I was more self reliant and socially mature than my peers. I had a hard time relating to a lot of the little girls that wanted to play pretend at recess in fifth grade. I would want to play tag or go on the swings. (One would think that this would have stopped me from being afraid of the dark and the â€Å"monsters† that come with it. ) Because of this there were only a few boys and girls that I considered to be really good friends. Having a few friends never really bothered me until it came time to have a birthday party. I always wanted to have an extravagant party with tons of friends. I planned everything but when it came time to write the invitations my mom could only come up with 5, 6, or 7 kids. When you think about it that seems like a lot of energy in one room but to me it was lame. This would trigger the tears. My mom would go grab Beary off my bed and the three of us would go for a walk on the beach, or if it was too cold for that we would go to the Hot Chocolate Sparrow to get a cookie and, of course, hot chocolate. .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .postImageUrl , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:hover , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:visited , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:active { border:0!important; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:active , .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2 .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89368f4c20b9e88f75d2585f7af5d0b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human nature Argumentative EssayOnce, at eight years old, I left Beary at my grandparents house and did not realize until my mom was tucking me into my blankets. I had never left him anywhere before. I was so distraught that my mom had to drive all the way from Harwich to Yarmouth and back again to go get him. I had never slept without him before and did not plan on going to bed without him that night. As I entered my moody â€Å"independent† middle school years I did not pay much attention to my aging Teddy Bear. I still slept with him but it was more of a habit than anything else. His fur was now covered in little bits of lint from being washed so many times. I ignored him throughout all of middle school because I was a teenager and was too cool for that. I could sleep over other peoples’ houses and leave Beary at home. Even when we would go on vacation. I realized that there were no monsters and it was only the wind that was blowing outside. Usually parents take objects like that and store them away and their children eventually forget about them. My mother never took Beary away because she knew that one day I would need him again. That time came when my â€Å"boyfriend† broke up with me going into high school. As you can imagine it was full of teenage drama and tears. This is when my mom grabbed my Teddy Bear off of my bed and reminded me of how the three of us would go for walks and get hot chocolate when I got upset as a little kid. She did this to give me a reality check, I think. It worked because I stopped crying and slept with him that night like I once did. I was staying up too late in high school to think about finding Beary in my sheets when flopping into bed. Homework, horseback riding, and spending time with friends consumed me as those four years flew by. Every once in awhile I would wake up in the morning and he would be right next to me. I would just give him a smile and go on with my day. My mother’s friend has a little girl that gently plays with him when she comes over but other than that he would stay put at the head of my bed. The summer after I graduated from high school was full of adventures. Trips to Nantucket, going to concerts, and beaching the boat on Monomoy Island occupied my time for two months. Between everything I slowly started packing things away into boxes to bring to college. Most of the items that I brought were brand new. The night before I left for school my dad asked me if I was going to bring Beary with me and I truly did not know the answer. I thought about it all night. My mom came into my room and reminded me how much that Teddy Bear and I had gone through together. How could I leave him at home? He was a part of me. Now, at college, Beary is on the top shelf in my closet. If I ever get lonely, scared, or sad he will always be there for me.

Economic Causes of the Civil War essays

Economic Causes of the Civil War essays By 1860, the North and the South had developed into two different regions; the North was an industrial society while the South was an agrarian society dependent on King Cotton and slave labor. The Northern industrial economy was comprised of a mutual relationship of wheat and the expansion of railroads the marriage of iron and rye. German, Irish, and British immigrants created not only a diverse community, but help build Northern railroads and settled in the West. The South, in contrast to the North, resisted industrialization and manufactured little, requiring the importation of all manufactured goods. James Hammond stated it best, touting the power of the slave-based economic system: You dare not make war on cotton...Cotton is king. Thanks to Eli Whitneys invention, the cotton gin provided a more efficient way to handle cotton and gain a sizeable profit. To accompany the profit, more slaves were needed to work the machines and land. Planting, cultivating, and harvesting was huge un dertaking, large workforces were required. Slave labor was the best and most profitable for slaveholders because slave labor was more productive than free labor. Highly profitable cotton accounted for 57% if all U.S. exports. The backbone of the Southern plantation system was slave labor and without slavery, the economy would have suffered because the South had nothing to fall back on. With the Panic of 1857, King Cotton proved to be superior. While the Northern economy suffered badly due to false projections in railroads and faulty banking practices, the Southern economy remained stable. The demand for cotton soared during the Panic of 1857, proving the superiority. Though superior, an end to slavery would translate into an end to the Southern economy. Before the Civil War, federal governments chief source of revenue was the tariff. The North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constit...

Second Grade Writing Prompts

Second Grade Writing Prompts Children in second grade are just beginning to develop their writing skills. By second grade, students should start expressing opinions, recounting narratives, and providing step-by-step instructions in their writing. These second grade writing prompts capitalize on age-appropriate topics to spark students’ creativity and engage them in the writing process. Narrative Essay Writing Prompts In their narrative pieces, students should recount a real or imagined event or sequence of events. Their writing should include describing details that indicate thoughts, actions, or feelings. They should conclude their narrative in a way that provides a sense of closure. Kindness Counts.  Write about a time that someone did something kind for you. What did they  do and how  did it make you feel?Special Day. Describe a special day that you and your best friend shared. What made it so memorable?Left Out. Have you ever felt left out? Write about what happened.Diaper Days. Write about something you remember from when you were a baby or toddler.Rainy Day Fun. It’s raining outside and your best friend is over to visit. What do you do?Happy Memories. Write a story about one of your happiest memories.Switch-a-roo. Describe what it would be like to switch lives with anyone in the world for a day. Who would it be and what would you do?School Sleepover. Imagine that you’re trapped in your school alone overnight. Tell what happens.Fly-on-the-wall. You wake up and discover that you’re a fly for the day. What do you do?Right and Wrong. Tell about a time when you were tempted to do the wrong thing, but you chose to do the right thing inst ead.Scary Stories. Write about a time when you were scared. Menu Madness. Imagine that you’re in charge of the school lunch menu for the week. What meals would you include?Wild and Wacky. Imagine your class is on a field trip to the zoo and one of the animals starts talking to you. What does he tell you? Opinion Essay Writing Prompts Second graders should write opinion pieces that introduce their topic and provide reasons to support their opinion, using words such as because and and to connect their reasoning. The paper should include a conclusion sentence. Fun and Games. What is your favorite game to play? Why is it better than other activities?Bedtime Tales. What is the best bedtime story your mom or dad has ever read to you? What made it the best?Travel Stops. If you could choose to stay in a tent, an RV, or a fancy hotel while traveling with your family, which would you choose and why?Playground Fun. What is the very best piece of equipment on your school’s playground? What makes it the best?Exotic Pets. If you could choose any wild animal for a pet, what would you choose and why?Study Choice. Your teacher has asked you to decide what topic the class studies next. What do you pick and why?Favorite subject. Which school subject is your favorite and why?Yucky or Yummy. Write about a food that you like but most people don’t. Why should people give it a chance?Play Time. Should your school give kids a longer recess time? Why or why not?Digital or Print. Which is better for reading, a printed book or a tablet?Allergies. Are you allergic to anything? Why is it important for people to know about your allergy? Drinks. Do you like milk? Soda? Lemonade? Name your favorite drink and give three reasons why it’s your favorite.Best Day. What is your favorite day of the week? Write an essay including three reasons why that day is the best. Expository Essay Writing Prompts Expository essays inform the readers about a specific topic. Second grade students should introduce their topic and provide facts, definitions, or steps to develop their point. School Day. You have a younger sibling who hasn’t started school yet. Tell him or her about a typical school day.Class Pet. Your class gets to choose a classroom pet for the year.  Name an animal that you think would make a good choice and explain  its needs (such as food, habitat, temperature).Favorite Food. What is your favorite food? Describe it as if no one else has ever seen or tasted it.Seasonal Fun. Pick a season, like summer or fall, and describe your favorite activity during that season.If You Build It. Think of a time when you saw something being built (like a house, a new road, or even a snowman). Explain the stages of the building process.Famous Firsts. Think about a famous first like the first person to walk on the moon or the first person to sail around the world. Explain why this first was so important.Famous People. Choose a famous person and explain what he or she did to become famous.Past Parties. Think of the best party you’ve ever attended and ex plain what made it the best. Favorite Film. Choose your favorite animated film of all time and explain why you love it.Bedtime. Explain why it’s important to get plenty of sleep every night.Funny Pet Tricks. Describe an unusual trick that your pet can do.Holiday Happenings. Select a popular holiday and explain why or how people celebrate it.Smelly Tale. Every place has different smells, good or bad. Describe two or three smells you associate with your home or school. Research Writing Prompts Students should also produce research-based writing by reading books on a topic and writing a report, recording science observations, or using provided materials to answer a question. Turtle Power. Why do turtles have shells?Digging Dinosaurs. Choose your favorite dinosaur and write a report including interesting facts about it.Under the Sea. Learn more about one interesting animal that lives in the ocean. Write a paper  about what you learned.  Places for People. Choose a unique home (such as an igloo or a mud hut) and explain why its suited for the environment in which it is found.Space. Choose one of the planets in our solar system and give five interesting facts about it.Science. Write an observation from a recent science lesson such as how plants grow or what makes up the water cycle.Famous people. Write a report about someone you are studying in your current history lessons.How Is It Made? Choose an everyday object (like LEGO bricks or toilet paper) and find out how it’s made.Desert Dwellers. Pick an animal that lives in the desert and write 3-5 interesting facts about it.Creepy Crawlies. What is the difference between arachnids and insects?Where in the World? Choose a state or country to research. Include 3-5 facts about the place in your report. What’s the Difference? Choose two similar animals, such as a horse and a mule, a crocodile and an alligator, or a leopard and a cheetah. Explain how to tell them apart.Sleep Habits. Some animals sleep standing up. Bats sleep hanging upside down. Birds sleep in trees. Choose an animal, bat, or bird and explain how they sleep without falling.

Marketing analysis-Charity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing analysis-Charity - Essay Example The charitable sector offers its citizens a variety of services such as care, support, accommodations, and counselling, training to the children or families, people with disabilities, the unemployed, older people and also offers its services to those who are suffering from different harmful addictions, the homeless people and the refugees (Industry Commission, 1995). According to the statistics, it has been noted that around 700,000 young people are being taken care of at their home at Australia deserving choice in care and accommodation (Youngcare, 2010). Australian Red Cross Out of the various national Red Cross societies, Australian Red Cross Society is one of the members. It was founded in the year 1914 by Lady Helen Munro Fergusan. The mission of this organisation is to serve the people in Australia with the aim to improve the lives of the helpless people through the promotion of the humanitarian values and laws and is being recognised as a humanitarian organisation in Australia . The main competitor of the organisation is the Lions Club. The number of trained volunteers is more than 30,000 and the entire program is funded with the help of the donation by the public and the corporate partnership. The structure of the Australian Red Cross has been divided into high levels namely the council, the boards and the chief executive officer (Australian Red Cross, 2010). It has been found that the financial position of the organisation has been improving since last few years. Literature Review Revenue & funding Providing services Branding reputation Cost of advertising There are large numbers of non profit organisations in Australia that embrace the idea of participating in the market in order to maximise their revenue. The non profit organisations raise funds from the government grants and contracts, fees that are paid by the members and other fund-raising activities (Barraket, 2008). Volunteering is one of the activities that are chosen in the non profit organisat ion as a means of providing services (Zappala, 2000). Brand reputation or status provides communication regarding what the charity organisation did, what are its values and causes (Hankinson, 2006). Cost of advertising depends upon the nuisance cost towards the viewers, the expected advantages to advertisers from the viewers and the substitutability of program factors as this affects the equilibrium advertising levels to be low or high (Anderson & Coate, 2005). Development of trust between non-profit organisation and its constituencies (Ritchie & Et. Al., 2006). Inconsistency in the delivery of services is a real challenge for the organisation (Dall’Olmo Riley & Chernatony, 1999). According to Stride (2006), it has been noted that the concept of branding is being adopted by the charities at an increasing rate. The charities are value-based organisations. The author opines that a clear understanding of how the values are conceptualised in branding is imperative for the establi shment of whether branding is suitable and an efficient tool in the charity business (Stride, 2006). According to Ritchie & Et. Al. (2006), brand plays a vital role in the non profit sector as it provides innumerable benefits making the non profit sector a powerful tool. It is to be remembered that the branding may not be good or appropriate for all kinds of

Agency Protest to a General Accounting Office (GAO) Research Paper

Agency Protest to a General Accounting Office (GAO) - Research Paper Example One of the major initiatives that have been put in place by developed countries is procurement reform. This included the establishment of mechanisms through which offerors can question the officials in charge of the procurement procedures in the government departments. In case the procuring agencies are not compliant with the law and regulations governing the procurement process, the aggrieved parties undertake the bid protest. The major forms of federal bid protest include an agency-level protest, protest through the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and the jurisdiction through United States Court of Federal Claims (COFC) (GAO-03-673G Government Auditing Standards, 2012).   Important aspects of Agency Protests Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) 33.103 gives the guidelines that must be followed by the agencies in addressing of the protests generated by the offerors. Having being established by the Executive Order 12979, agency protest stipulates that all the concerned part ies must take all the necessary steps to ensure that the conflict is solved in an amicable way. Even though the government has clearly outlined the regulations that control the agency protests, most of the agencies complement the FAR provisions by initiating their own regulations that are not favorable to the offerors. A protest is initiated by an interested party. An interested party is an individual whose economic interest would be adversely affected by the failure to win a contractor through the award of the contact (Robert, 2012). This is one of the major aspects that are common both to agency and GAO protests. There is no jurisdiction on the protests that an agency can handle since it has the authority to deal with all the protests that are related to its contracts. However, according to Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act, a protest that is related to delivery order contracts or issuance of the task that can be given to various contractors when an agency is in need of particu lar services or goods cannot be considered by an agency. In such cases, the aggrieved individuals institute a complaint to the delivery order ombudsman as provided by the FAR 16.505 (Federal Acquisition Regulations).  Ã‚  

Ursula K Le Guin Essay Example for Free

Ursula K Le Guin Essay Ursula K. Le Guin was born Ursula Kroeber in Berkeley, California, on October 21, 1929. Her mother, Theodora Krackaw Kroeber, had an advanced degree in psychology and was a well-known writer for her narratives: Ishi in Two Worlds in 1961 and Ishi, Last of His Tribe in 1964. Le Guin’s Father, Alfred Kroeber, was a distinguished anthropologist for his work with tribes of Native Americans indigenous to California (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Her father also taught at the University of California at Berkeley. Le Guin and her three older brothers Karl, Theodore, and Clifford were encouraged to read at a young age (Boon and Heller). During the academic year, the Kroebers lived at their home in Berkeley. When summer arrived, the family would move to their estate, Kishamish, in Napa Valley. There, the family enjoyed the company of many intellectuals: writers, scholars, graduate students, and American Indians. Also, Le Guin and her brother frequently explored their forty-acre summer home. This exploration would later influence many of her novels that are based on journeys by foot (Boon and Heller). Growing up in an environment that fostered intellectual pursuit and having unlimited access to books, sparked Le Guin’s creativity. Due to her parents’ dedication to other cultures, her fiction shows many different worldviews other than the usual Euro-American competitive materialism. Her multiple worldviews allow Le Guin’s writing to move smoothly across barriers of culture, language, gender, and ideology while exploring both dimensions of social and psychological identity (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Le Guin discovered science fiction while reading the works of Lord Dunsany, and remarkably, she produced her first fantasy when she was only nine years old. Thereafter, a magazine rejected her first science fiction story, written when she was eleven (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). In 1947, Le Guin was enrolled in Harvard University’s Radcliffe College and graduated in 1951 with a bachelor’s degree in French and Italian with an emphasis in Renaissance literature (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). She then entered Columbia University and completed her master’s degree in 1952. Le Guin began  a doctoral program at Columbia, but in December of 1953 she decided to end her studies to marry Charles Le Guin, a history professor, in Paris, France. S he had met Charles while traveling to France as a Fulbright Fellow (Boon and Heller). After the wedding, the Le Guins lived in Georgia. While in Georgia, Ursula Le Guin taught French at Mercer University, and Charles Le Guin had successfully completed his Ph.D. in French history at Emory University. The Le Guins then moved to Idaho and had their first child, Elizabeth, in 1957, and their second child, Caroline, in 1959. In the same year, Charles Le Guin took a position at Portland State University and the family moved to Oregon permanently. The Le Guin’s third and final child, Theodore, was born in 1964 (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Ursula Le Guin began trying to publish her work in book form instead of magazines (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). She began writing poetry, later collected in Wild Angels in 1975, and a few novels after her marriage. Publishers rejected her early works for not fitting precisely into a genre (Boon and Heller). Her breakthrough in writing occurred in September 1962, when the publishing company, Fantastic, published â€Å"April in Paris.† The following year, the same publisher printed her first science fiction story, â€Å"The Masters† (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Le Guin began to earn prestigious awards and achieve recognition fo r her trilogy: Rocannon’s World (1966), Planet of Exile (1996), and City of Illusions (1967). In 1968, Le Guin’s A Wizard of Earthsea won the Boston Globe Horn Book Award and in 1969, The Left Hand of Darkness won both the Hugo and Nebula awards. She became the first writer to win both the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award twice for the novel The Dispossessed (1974, 1975). Since the 1970s, Le Guin has won many more awards, including several Hugos and Nebulas, Pen/USA, Locus Readers Awards, a Pushcart Prize, and a Gandalf award for achievement in fantasy (Boon and Heller). Additionally, she won the Kafka Award in 1986; a Hugo Award for â€Å"Buffalo Gals, Won’t You Come Out Tonight?† (1988); a Nebula Award for Tehanu and â€Å"Solitude† (1995); and the Endeavor Award or both The Telling (2000) and Tales from Earthsea (2001); Lastly, Le Guin was inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2001, and was named Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 2003 (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). While most of Le Guin’s time was devoted to writing, she was also known to be involved in political activities. As she gained popularity, she  became a strong advocate for improving the quality of fantasy and science fiction. She was also a firm advocate for feminism. Her early works lightly touched on gender i ssues; later works, such as Tehanu, addressed the absence of equality directly (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). While she placed an emphasis on science fiction and gender issues, the subject of Le Guin’s work is always humankind. She uses a descriptive technique while her mode is metaphoric. Drawing from the outlook of the Daoist philosopher Laozi, Le Guin’s characters seek unity and complete self-awareness and must be able to recognize the true natures of people or objects before they can truly understand their place in the world. The characters must learn the inevitable paradoxes in life and the ambiguous nature of creation (Carmean, Williams, and Rich).

An Essay on The Withered Arm, by Thomas Hardy -- English Literature

An Essay on The Withered Arm, by Thomas Hardy ‘The past is a foreign country. They did things differently there.’ ‘The Go Between’ by L.P. Hartley. Thomas Hardy, a Victorian novelist, based his stories on experience of growing up in rural Dorset. Growing up there, he became familiar with the language, customs, practises and stories of the country folk. These stories draw up on his experiences enabling him to write ‘Wessex Tales’. Among many pieces of work is ‘The Withered Arm’. ‘The Withered Arm’ is a well-crafted short story written in the prose format. The quote above portrays what pre-twentieth century literature should embrace; good literature should be insightable, realistic and significant to all people from any era. In this essay I am going to describe the ways in which Thomas Hardy has made his short story, ‘The Withered Arm’ interesting to the modern reader. ‘The Withered Arm’ is about Rhoda Brook, a dark milkmaid who retaliates on her lovers beautiful new wife, Gertrude, after her lover, Farmer Lodge abandons her and their illigimate son. Hardy has carefully structured all the elements of a short story making ‘The Withered Arm’ interesting and perennial to the modern reader. Farmer Lodge’s denial of the affair with Rhoda and the neglection of his son causes Rhoda’s plotting revenge. Employing the character, Conjuror Trendle, brings the involvement of witchcraft and supernatural powers, giving the plot a paranormal twist. The public execution of The Boy immediately grasps the interest of the reader because we learn that in the Victorian times, committing such a petty crime, there is a massive penalty. We also learn that the lives of the people were so habitual, that they thought of executio... ...led and brings out the best in his stories, yet his language maybe a little hard to understand for a modern reader. I do not find the character in ‘The Withered Arm’ a problem at all because although some of those characters no longer exist, Rhoda, Conjuror Trendle, Hangman, it is still interesting to read about their daily lives and how things were for them; after all good literature should be giving the reader and insight on how things were. Even though the reader may not always agree to the philosophies hidden in his themes, it is captivating to imagine how a Victorian writer can relate to such things. I think that ‘The Withered Arm’ is a fantastic example of pre-twentieth century literature because not only is it interesting, but it gives us an insight on the different lives of the different characters and yet is still interesting to the modern reader.

Field Study 2

LOOKING THROUGH THE MEANINGFUL LEARNING EXPERIENCE Name of Fs student: Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course: Bachelor in Elementary Education Year: III Resource Teacher: Josephine G. Paulin Signature: ______________ Cooperating School: Monkayo Central Elementary School Name of School Observed: Monkayo Central Elementary School School Address: Monkayo, Compostela Valley Province Date of Visit: September – October 2012 1. What principles in teaching – learning were commonly applied? – the principles in teaching – learning commonly applied were the learning environment is supportive and productive.And that learning is an active process which begins and ends in their cognitive aspects. 2. What are the instructional materials used in teaching? – The instructional materials used are picture flash cards, charts, visual aids, and books. 3. Which of the principles in teaching facilitate the cognitive, metacognitive and positive motivational process of learning? â €“ Promote assessment as part of the learning process. Students (and sometimes teachers) typically see assessments as purely summative: something that teachers do to students at the end of a topic.Building the perception that (most) assessment tasks are part of the learning process includes encouraging students learning from what they did and did not do well as well as having students taking some ownership of and responsibility for aspects of assessment. It also includes teachers ensuring that they are assessing for a range of aspects of quality learning wider range of skills than is often the case. Scribble a brief reflection of your feelings and insights from your observation experience. * The teacher is responsible in aiming the development of creative and critical skills. Creative thinking involves reating something new or original. It involves the skills of flexibility, originality, fluency, elaboration, brainstorming, modification, imagery, associative thinking, attribute listing, metaphorical thinking, and forced relationships. The aim of creative thinking is to stimulate curiosity and promote divergence. While critical thinking can be thought of as more left-brain and creative thinking more right brain, they both involve â€Å"thinking. † When we talk about HOTS â€Å"higher-order thinking skills† we're concentrating on the top three levels of Bloom's Taxonomy: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.The teacher must not only ask questions that begins with what, who, where and when because these are low – level questions. In order to develop the thinking skills the teacher should exercise questions like how and why, this is one way to develop their critical and creative thinking skills. Learners’ Characteristics and Needs Name of Fs student: Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course: Bachelor in Elementary Education Year: III Resource Teacher: Josephine G. Paulin Signature: ______________ Cooperating School: Monkayo Central Elementary SchoolDescription of Teaching Strategies * Classroom strategies used by the teachers are collaborative/ creative learning in which students work together in small groups to accomplish a common learning goal. They carefully planned and executed the activity given. Next, is the discussion strategies were in the students are engage in discussion that deepens their learning and motivation by developing their own views and hear their own voices. A good environment for interaction is the first step in encouraging students to talk. Description of learning activities The learning activities done by the students and teacher were successful. Wherein the students were able to participate in the given activity and cooperate with each other. They actively participated even though some students got the wrong answers. The learning activity given gave the students impact in their cognitive and psychomotor skills. It helps them think ideas by answering the activity. Their personalities were develope d because the teacher integrated values in her lessons. Description of learners’ participation (proportion of learners who participated and quality of participation) There was a high percentage of participation in class. There were only few students who did not participate in class. There is a good quality of participation in class since majority participated in the activities. They learn to participate wherein they can develop their self confidence and communication skills. Scribble a brief reflection of your feelings and insights from your observation experience. -learning is an active process. The teacher should actively engage the learners in learning activities.For we all know that no one can learn for us, in the same way that nobody can eat and sleep for us. So, teachers should give opportunities for students to actively participate in classroom activities. There should be â€Å" hands-on-minds- on â€Å" learning. Yet, the most effective approaches according to the r esearchers are learning by doing and learning by teaching others. Assisting a Teacher with a Teacher’s Toolbox Name of Fs student: Xysha Mae M. Roldriguez Course: Bachelor in Elementary Education Year: III Resource Teacher: Josephine G.Paulin Signature: ______________ Cooperating School: Monkayo Central Elementary School Subject Observed: English School: Monkayo Central Elementary SchoolYear: IV Matrix| Subject Matter| Objectives| Instructional Materials| Learning Activities| Assessment Tools Used| Parts of Speech & Figures of Speech| – To prepare the students for the coming finals- Mastery of the Parts of speech and Figures of speech | – Visual Aids- Textbooks| – Review- Discussion- Recitation| – Drills- Graded Recitation- Board Work- Quiz| ————————————————- Observation ReportThe first objective of the lesson is preparing the students fo r the finals, next is the Mastery of the Parts of Speech and Figures of Speech and the third objective is to make the students realize how important the lessons are in the next level and how they can use it in daily life. Learning activities such as discussion, review, recitation was facilitated by the teacher and she used drills, board work and a quiz as her assessment tools. The students were all participating, and knew most of the answers and were even able to give examples of any figure of speech asked for them to define.They also know how to analyze the sentences given on the board on how sentence patterns are used such as S-LV-C pattern and S-TV-DO pattern. The teacher knew that the students will learn better with enough practice and she encourages all of them to speak to build their confidence to recite in class. All of the activities she engages the students in are all a part of her lesson plan so she can reach her objectives for that day. If I were the teacher I would use a ctivities that will cover the learning process holistically and a plan that will be utilized to obtain the objectives that I set for the students to reach.I will also use other activities that will enhance their social skills and language competency such as role playing. Analysis: 1. What are the objectives of the lesson, the subject matter, learning activities and assessment tools used by the teacher? The first objective is to prepare the students for the coming finals. The teacher was able to clear this part of her objectives because I’ve seen how the students perform during the class activity and I can say that most of them are ready for finals despite the fact that belong to section 5. Next is the Mastery of the 8 Parts of speech and Figures of speech.This objective was achieved around 80-85 percent of the class. The discussion was very effective because it gives the students a sense of familiarity because they learn better using this kind of activity. The board work and drills were also effective in making the students apply everything they studied for the upcoming finals. They were not only ready for the exam but they also carry the life lessons that the teacher has instilled in their hearts. The teacher wanted the students to realize how important the lessons are in the next level and how they can use it in daily life.The integration of values in the lessons is always practiced by the teacher in any class she handles and I admire her for doing that. We as future teachers must know that we are not only mind enhancers but also heart and spirit molders. 2. How do the learners participate in the activities? I must admit that I don’t know if I should be impressed with the teacher or with the students. Why? Because the students were active participants of the class when most people would expect that these kids are no good at all because when asked they answer, when requested to give an example they perform. They even recite in.The question is do they perform this well in other subjects? If this is the same scenario I would see with other teachers, then they are without a doubt a very good class. But I’ve observed other teachers too and I must say the teacher is someone who has an aura that makes the students well-behaved. The moment they see her coming students go to their seats it’s not because she is a terror teacher but she already reached the classroom climate which is a business-like but non-threatening atmosphere. The students participated actively, with very good answers and listened attentively to everything that the teacher has to say.So I think it’s in the teacher if the students would act out or be unruly on how she will handle these things. The students can smell fear and they can take advantage of that if they wanted to. These students are more impressive than the 3-4. This was the second time I observed them and I was still impressed as if I was observing 3-1 students. 3. What reasons doe s the teacher give in having such learning activities? The teacher first decides on which objectives to work on by using the needs of the students as basis.In this case, it is the needs of the 3-5 that the teacher decides to do a review before the final exam comes. She chose discussion because the students are more adept in learning when it comes to reviewing if she uses this kind of approach in teaching them. To satisfy my curiosity, I interviewed a few students in 3-5 and they admitted that they learn better when the teacher discuss the lesson instead of doing other styles. Since it is almost the end of the school year, the teacher obviously knows how to design her lesson plan and she already knows the best way for the 3-5 students to learn.The teacher knows that the board work enhances the writing skills and grammar skills while the recitation covers mostly speaking skills, social skills and building one’s self-confidence. Quizzes also help the teacher evaluate how far the students have reached in terms of the lesson. So we can’t do away with any of these things when it comes to teaching. We can’t leave out anything because they are all important. The plan must be complete or the system would fall apart. We have to consider everything because all these things are a part of the teaching-learning process. . If you were the teacher, what activities, materials and assessment tools will you use? Why? I can’t say I would only focus on a single activity but I have to utilize all the learning activities I have learned on my major subjects especially this semester I have learned a lot of activities and studied on how to use materials that can be utilized to encourage speaking and enhance grammar in class such as maps, graphic organizers, role playing, group projects, group games, interactive discussion, cooperative learning and many more.I also learned about the different types of assessment tools such as rubrics, exams, portfolios and ot hers. Of course it is not only the students who are being considered here but also the lesson and how it relates to a certain material, activity and evaluation. Activities, materials and assessment tools must be in sync with the objectives so it will be a smooth flow all throughout the period. I plan to use a variety of techniques to know what is suitable for the students. To find out what is their special skills are or what kind of learner they are.And which activities they are weak in and make that weakness disappear or if not help them cope with it. What they lack in something must be compensated by another skill. Through using these things as tools in the correct way, the success rate of teaching-learning process is in very good hands. Reflections: 1. What insights/learning & new understandings have you gained from your experience? I have really learned a lot from this semester. All the observing experiences made me see all the important facts in being a teacher. They made me re alize about a lot of things not just in teaching but also about life.These experiences are by far the most fruitful of all in my school life. I learned to manage my time, worry about important things in life and see the teacher in me. Good teachers are full of passion, well prepared for their lesson, have anticipatory skills and of course live with integrity. Aside from knowledge, teachers must possess positive attitudes and admirable work ethics. One sees these qualities through the way activities are facilitated by the teacher, how the materials are organized and prepared, and another thing is how the assessment tools are used.The assessment must never be used to punish the student. This is where positive attitude comes in. Dedication, hard work and punctuality are also important. We should demonstrate not just the lesson but also the process by which we learn. All teachers must realize that part of their job is to teach their students how to learn. I’ve learned that metaco gnition comes in when we focus on learning how to learn. Teachers must also learn from their mistakes, and experiment continually with ways to improve their strategies and teaching methods.GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN THE SELECTION AND USE OF TEACHING STRATEGIES Name of FS Student______________________________________________________________ Course_______________________________________ Year & Section _____________________ Resource Teacher 1_____________Signature ______________Date______________ Resource Teacher 2_____________ Signature ______________Date______________ Resource Teacher 3_____________Signature______________ Date______________ Cooperating School_______________________________________________________________My Target In this Episode, I must be able to: * Write evidence of application of some guiding principles in the selection use of teaching strategies My Tool As I observe a class, I will use the Observation Sheet for a more focused observation. OBSERVATION SHEET| Name of th e Resource Teachers Observed:________________,__________________,________________School Address:_________________________________________________Date:___________________Grade/ Year Level: _________________________________ Subject Area: _________________________|Guiding Principles in the Selection and Use of Strategies| Teaching Behavior/s of the Resource Teacher that Applies the Principles| 1. Learning is an active process. | 1. | 2. The more senses are involve, the more and the better the learning. | 2. | 3. A non – threatening environment enhances learning. | 3. | 4. Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning. | 4. | 5. Good teaching goes beyond recall of information. | 5. | 6. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to the students’ everyday life. | | 7. An integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching isolated bits of information. | |

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Essay

Artificial intelligence (AI) results to simulation of intellectual practice such as comprehension, rationalization and learning symbolic information in context. In AI, the automation or programming of all aspects of human cognition is considered from its foundations in cognitive science through approaches to symbolic and sub-symbolic AI, natural language processing, computer vision, and evolutionary or adaptive systems. (Neumann n. d.) AI considered being an extremely intricate domain of problems which during preliminary stages in the problem-solving phase of this nature, the problem itself may be viewed poorly. A precise picture of the problem can only be seen upon interactive and incremental refinement of course, after you have taken the initial attempt to solve the mystery. AI always comes hand in hand with machine logistics. How else could mind act appropriately but with the body. In this case, a machine takes the part of the body. In a bit, this literature will be tackling about AI implemented through Neural Network. The author deems it necessary though to tackle Machine learning and thus the succeeding paragraphs. Machine Learning is primarily concerned with designing and developing algorithms and procedures that allow machines to â€Å"learn† – either inductive or deductive, which, in general, is its two types. At this point, we will be referring to machines as computers since in the world nowadays, the latter are the most widely used for control. Hence, we now hone our definition of Machine Learning as the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is relatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary software. (Dietterich n. d. ) Machine learning techniques are grouped into different categories basing on the expected outcome. Common types include Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised or Reinforcement learning. There is also the Transduction method and the ‘Learning to learn’ scheme. A section of theoretical computer science, Computational Learning Theory is the investigation on the computation of algorithms of Machine Learning including its efficiency. Researches on Machine Learning focuses mainly on the automatic extraction of information data, through computational and statistical methods. It is very much correlated not only to theoretical computer science as well as data mining and statistics. Supervised learning is the simplest learning task. It is an algorithm to which it is ruled by a function that automatically plots inputs to expected outputs. The task of supervised learning is to construct a classifier given a set of classified training examples (Dietterich n. d.). The main challenge for supervised learning is that of generalization that a machine is expected in approximating the conduct that a function will exhibit which maps out a connection towards a number of classes through comparison of IO samples of the said function. When many plot-vector pairs are interrelated, a decision tree is derived which aids into viewing how the machine behaves with the function it currently holds. One advantage of decision trees is that, if they are not too large, they can be interpreted by humans. This can be useful both for gaining insight into the data and also for validating the reasonableness of the learned tree (Dietterich n. d. ). In unsupervised learning, manual matching of inputs is not utilized. Though, it is most often distinguished as supervised learning and it is one with an unknown output. This makes it very hard to decide what counts as success and suggests that the central problem is to find a suitable objective function that can replace the goal of agreeing with the teacher (Hinton & Sejnowski 1999). Simple classic examples of unsupervised learning include clustering and dimensionality reduction. (Ghahramani 2004) Semi-supervised learning entails learning situations where is an ample number of labelled data as compared to the unlabelled data. These are very natural situations, especially in domains where collecting data can be cheap (i. e. the internet) but labelling can be very expensive/time consuming. Many of the approaches to this problem attempt to infer a manifold, graph structure, or tree-structure from the unlabelled data and use spread in this structure to determine how labels will generalize to new unlabelled points. (Ghahramani 2004) Transduction is comparable to supervised learning in predicting new results with training inputs and outputs, as well as, test inputs – accessible during teaching, as basis, instead of behaving in accordance to some function. All these various types of Machine-Learning techniques can be used to fully implement Artificial Intelligence for a robust Cross-Language translation. One thing though, this literature is yet to discuss the planned process of machine learning this research shall employ, and that is by Neural Networks.

The Gratefull Dead essays

The Gratefull Dead essays In San Francisco, on August 1, 1942, Jerome John Garcia was born. This marked the beginning of a long strange trip. Jose Garcia, Jeromes father named his son after his favorite Broadway musical composer, Jerome Kern. Tired of the name Jerome, Jose and his family began to call him Jerry. Garcia was surrounded by music as a child. His father would play him to sleep at night. His mother listened to opera and his maternal grandmother loved country music. Family gatherings tended to be musical, too, for his fathers side of the family would gather round and sing songs together. Young Jerry and his family took a trip to the Santa Cruz Mountains in California, when he was four; he and his brother were given the job of splitting firewood for the family that night. Horsing around, Jerry and Tiff were teasing each other while chopping the firewood. Jerry accidentally placed his hand in the way of the axe, lost half of his middle finger on his right hand. He screamed. I screamed. We both screamed. It was an accident. I didnt do it maliciously. I was a kid. I was eight and Jerry was four. We were little guys. Missing half a finger, Jerry had to press through life learning different types of instruments. He used his disability to his advantage by striving harder. A year after the loss of Jerrys finger, tragedy struck the Garcias again. Fly fishing in a river, Jose Garcia suddenly lost his footing and was swept away by the raging current. After his fathers death Garcias life changed forever. Moving in with his grandmother who had a strong passion for country music gave Jerry a huge influence for that style of music Turning fifteen, Jerry got turned on to marijuana. Me and a friend went up into the hills with two joints, and just got so high, laughed and roared and went skipping down the streets doing funny things and just having a helluva time, said Garcia. Garc...

Start Your Novel

Start Your Novel Start Your Novel Start Your Novel By Maeve Maddox Writers can be insecure creatures. For many, the thought of beginning a novel, a project requiring the production of from 60,000 to 100,000 words, can be overwhelming. For the writer who tends to linger over every sentence, the prospect can be especially daunting. This year’s NaNoWriMo has already begun, but it’s not too late for a writer who has been flirting with beginning a novel to register. Not everyone who participates in the online event completes the challenge, but taking part for just one or two weeks is an enlightening writing exercise. If you’ve never heard of NaNoWriMo, you may be the only writer who hasn’t. The acronym is for National Novel Writing Month. Don’t let the name fool you. The online event has become a worldwide phenomenon. The name will no doubt remain the same because it’s so much fun to say â€Å"naa-no-wry-mo.† The value of this worldwide writing exercise is that it encourages writers to recognize the duality of the writing process. Every writer wears two hats: the Creator’s hat and the Editor’s hat. (Nowadays most writers must don the Marketer’s hat as well, but that’s a subject for another post.) NaNoWriMo forces the writer to leave the Editor’s hat in the closet for 30 days. It’s a great discipline. Not everyone who signs up stays the course, but the experience of doing this kind of focused writing for even a week can teach a writer a lot. Go ahead. Jump in. Register for the 2013 NaNoWriMo and watch those words accumulate on your daily progress tracker. Even with a late start, you can expect to crank out 30,000 words or more by November 30. Your writing will be far from perfect, but you’ll have a draft, or at least the beginnings of one. A draft to a novelist is what a lump of clay is to the sculptor. Every novel begins with an imperfect draft. Once the draft is in hand, the writing can begin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartCannot or Can Not?3 Types of Essays Are Models for Professional Writing Forms

A2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A2 - Essay Example Mohamed’s life and teachings were written down, and in the centuries after his death, many scholars wrote interpretations and commentaries, preserving the letter of his teaching as well as explaining its meaning for subsequent generations. As the religion spread, so the Arabic language inevitably spread with it, bringing the values and customs of this region to very different areas. To this day Muslim children are taught to recite verses of the Qur’an, learning the ancient words and preserving the older, classical form of the language which serves as a lingua franca in every country where Islam is an important religion. There is also a great value in preserving the philosophy and literature of previous centuries for modern people to read. The ability to read classical Arabic is a mark of superior education because it represents a prestige form: â€Å"it is a cultural force which unites all Arabs† (Nydell, p. 91). So long as people strive to master this ancient language and culture, they are able to benefit from ancient wisdom and reflect on the common heritage that they share. This linguistic and religious fusion creates unity across the globe, since many Muslims do not speak modern Arabic as their native language, but still learn classical Arabic for religious purposes. In the modern world, therefore, there is a common Arab heritage passed on through the language, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, and this can be seen for example in the giving of certain names to people and places (Suleiman, p. 143). Names such as Mohamed or Ahmed are given to boys in many countries, and this maintains an obvious connection with the ancient heritage of Islam. There is also evidence, however, of the divergence of the spoken language into different dialects, and this has served to differentiate different strands of Arab culture. It has been

Objective and Projective Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Objective and Projective Techniques - Assignment Example At such times, projective techniques can provide information about the covert aspects of an individual’s personality (Gregory, 2004). Projective techniques like the Rorschach’s Inkblots or the Thematic Apperception Test use ambiguous stimuli that need to be interpreted by the individual. There are no limits to the kind of interpretations possible; and thus, the test allows the clinician to understand aspects of the individual’s personality that may not be accessible to them otherwise (Anastasi, 1997). The more ambiguous the test material, the more likely it is to elicit honest responses that reflect latent aspects of personality. This is because when the test material is ambiguous, it is difficult for the individual to predict how a response would be interpreted (Gregory, 2004). Projective techniques are often criticized as having less reliability as compared to objective techniques. This criticism comes from the fact that there are many different interpretations of a response, and subjective evaluation can play a strong role in this process (Gregory, 2004). The validity of these tests is also difficult to verify as the motivations they measure are unconscious ones. In order to counter these criticisms, many clinicians have published means of standardizing the interpretations and research that helps in accepting them as valuable clinical tools (Anastasi, 1997). Projective techniques are useful in assessing personality as a global construct and to identify latent anxieties and attitudes (Anastasi, 1997). These tests provide valuable information about factors that the individual is unable to tap directly; and can help in bringing together the results of other objective tests (Gregory, 2004). The one concern is that over exposure to the test material can reduc e the efficacy of these tests; and that the interpretations are best used when supported or complimented by data from other more objective

Who gets the kids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who gets the kids - Essay Example larly forward-thinking State in its consideration of joint custody because as it is noted in â€Å"Joint Custody Blues† the traditional trend of mothers being granted full custody of children following a divorce is being sidelined by contemporary â€Å"egalitarian† views of the family home (Paul 3,7). In a legal joint custody situation, both parents will share in the decisions made about their children in terms of school, bedtime, dating guidelines, etc.; in a physical joint custody situation both parents will actually share the children themselves in that two homes will be provided for them (Paul 3). In either scenario, â€Å"raising kids with joint custody means you have to stay in constant communication with a person you either a) hate, or b) still love and are therefore crushed, or c) both hate and love† (Corcoran, cited in Paul 6). When divorced parents are constantly fighting with each other, be it over parenting strategies or any other matter, children are more likely to be depressed and averse to working with others in school or other groups (Paul 10). To deal with this, some therapists suggest what is called Parallel Parenting; this means that both parents will essentially set up their own households, complete with their own rules, and not interfere with each othe r. There is minimum contact between both parents and the children understand the difference between living at mom’s house and living at dad’s house (Ibid. 11). Court’s will always decide custody based â€Å"in accordance with the best interest of the child† (Law on Child Custody 1), and this will involve taking a close look at the financial situation, health issues, siblings, new romantic relationships formed by either parent and whether there is any history of violence (Ibid. 3). If abuse has occurred between a parent and a child or the other parent, this will take top priority in the eyes of the Court (Ibid. 4). Basically it is the role of parents to â€Å"make the divorce succeed†

Overview Of The Sampath Bank Management Essay

Overview Of The Sampath Bank Management Essay Objective of this chapter is to present a general idea about the research. Hence, Chapter one is divided into eight areas such as background of the study, Objectives of the research, research problem, conceptual framework, research hypotheses, research questions, significance of the research and organization of the study. 1.1 Overview of the Sampath bank and Background of the study The dynamic nature of the new marketplace today has created a competitive incentive among many companies to consolidate and reconcile their knowledge assets as a means of creating value that is sustainable over time. Knowledge transferring is believed to be able to improve performance and productivity of the organization and knowledge transferring has been illustrated as a significant discipline in leading to positive performance in the organization (Kasim, 2008). To achieve competitive sustainability, many companies are launching extensive knowledge transferring efforts. More recently, knowledge transfer has emerged as powerful determinants of value creation in organizations. Organizations specific knowledge becomes as a necessary factor of competitive advantage (Gold, Malhotra, and Segars, 2001). The Sampath Bank has commenced its operations as a License commercial bank in 1987 with 47 employees. At present 3rd largest PCB in the contry Its vision statement, The Growing Force in Sri Lankan Financial services and values mentioned in below enhancing professional standards of internal and external customers (Sampath bank, 2012). Create a learning culture that promotes individual and organizational development as well as promoting innovation and value for customers. Treat all internal and external customers the way we would like to be treated. Encourage and promote teamwork in all aspects of behavior. Open to feedback and demonstrate an eagerness for personal development. Monitor and demonstrate an impressive commitment to results. Uncompromising ethical and professional standards of behavior The bank believes that its greatest treasure in what is truly a service industry is its investment in human capital, the high quality of management staff, motivation, dedication, and team spirit. The bank does not employ clerks and peons and ubiquitous features in most other institutions. Its staff is composed of executives assisted by secretaries, all of whom have been handpicked and adequately remunerated at levels well above prevailing market rates. Team of Sampath Bank is young and energetic, adaptable to change and are blessed with a gungkok bo attitude which in all circumstances allows us to pursue the vision and mission of the bank stridently. They are committed to constant improvement, new ideas and remain unafraid of challenges. They seek new opportunities within the knowledge based culture we permeate across the bank and this has resulted in winning accolades from all spheres of competencies. Moreover, among the corporate objectives of the bank was employ, develop and retai n a self-motivated group of employees who themselves enforce high standards of performance (Sampath bank, 2012). According to General Manager of Sampath bank the relative youth, together with the enthusiasm and the pioneering spirit of all members of the staff had laid the foundation for the development of an innovative culture which was so essential in a field as competitive as banking. Intensive training, recreation and welfare facilities transform and guided the development and skills attitudes of the team necessary to deliver superior customer satisfaction (Sampath bank, 2012). The numbers of employees and branches have been increased to 3230 and 206 respectively in 2011. It has recruited new employees parallel to the vision of accelerating the branch network with the aim of gaining competitive advantage. The Sampath Bank had to fill the new vacancies from strategic level to function level in the newly opened 35 branches. The rapid expansion did not give a room to in-house built the skilled team members to allocate for newly opened branches. Most of team members were promoted to higher potential grades than their real potential grades. Number of employees who have been worked in different department in Sampath bank utilized the opportunity to work in branches. Transferred team members were required enhancing professional standards of internal and external customers with moving from their functions to branch banking.nb Several issues can be explored with reference to knowledge transferring in Sampath Bank. This research intends to identify whether the transferred employees have been shared or gain their knowledge within the subordinate employees. The main objectives of this study to explore links between employee transfer and knowledge transfer. This study is monitoring these issues and identified ways in which they may be overcome by introducing changes to the effective knowledge transferring. Objectives of the research The purpose of this research is to examine the links between employee transfer and knowledge transfer. The following objectives will be fulfilled above aim of this study. To explore management concepts to review links between employee transfer and knowledge transfer To identify individual and organizational factors for affecting effectiveness of knowledge transfer Research problem Top corporate entities in the world are beginning to realize the significance and importance of transferring knowledge and are beginning to appreciate knowledge as the most important and valued assets that leads to organizational performance. The Sampath Bank will compete for business only on the basis of quality, price and superior service to its customers. Considering values in Sampath bank, The Bank develops a highly motivated and competent team of individuals who independently ensure that the highest standards are maintained throughout the Bank. The bank Create a learning culture that promotes individual and organizational development as well as promoting innovation and value for customers are highly focused. Promoting open to feedback and monitor commitment to results are aimed to enhance its ethical and professional standards of behavior. The Sampath bank makes every effort to train and develop team members to acquire the professional skills and knowledge they would need to use in the Bank and the bank do hope that both team members professional and personal goals will be realized in a satisfying and rewarding career at the Sampath bank. The bank encourages team members to find new and better ways of doing their job or improving their Banks systems and processes. Innovation creates value not only for customers but for team members. It would add to the quality of work life and ensure that quality work of team members. The Sampath bank considers training and development as one of the most valuable investment in realizing their enduring goals and aspirations. Work towards developing their own talents and creating a culture where team members strive to acquire and share new knowledge critical to achieve mission of the bank. The Sampath bank deploys systematic and modern learning methods to enhance knowledge and productivity. As a matter of policy, the bank provides minimum of sixty hours of training per year for every team member. The type of training will be determined by an analysis of what skills and knowledge are required by each. The analysis will consider not only what is necessary in their current job but also what they would require in successive positions in the future. Team members are generally expected to serve in a particular workstation for a minimum period of four years. However, request for a transfer from team members assigned to Branches in remote areas may be considered after completion of three years. In the event of transfer of a team member, subsequent to his/her promotion, the minimum period of three years will not apply. Except for team members identified for specialization. The Bank encourages team members to acquire the skills and knowledge they need to do their job and the future positions they will hold and to disseminate those skills and knowledge within the Bank, So that, the Banks organizational capabilities and effectiveness are always improved. Career at the bank will depend on how well team members perform in the jobs they hold and the attitudes they exhibit. The work performance will be the sole criteria for any promotion. Considering rapid expansion in Sampath bank, it has emerged more vacancies in Branch banking. In presenting issue in promoting team members who has fewer competencies in branch banking to team members in branches. Required knowledge transferring through the transferred employees is questionable. Relationship between knowledge transferring and employee transferring in the Sampath bank is vital for academic performances. Considering these events and factors less publication in banking industry have addressed the effectiveness of knowledge transferring. As such, this study effort to identify the effectiveness of knowledge transferring from transferred employees at the Sampath bank. Conceptual framework A conceptual framework represents the relationships and the type of relationships among the concepts. The conceptual framework portrayed in figure.1 explains the relevant concepts in this study, and the form of relationship between the perceptions. Figure 1.1 Conceptual framework of the study Characteristics of the Transferred Employees Employee Transfers Effectiveness of Knowledge Transferring Source: Researchers orginal constraction. Moreover, figure 1 describes an analytical model in a graphical model based on some theoretical foundations. Accordingly, the conceptual framework is developed based on theories. The model assumes transferred employees as independent and knowledge transferring as dependent. Research hypotheses Bhatti, Zaheer and Rehman (2010) studied the effect of knowledge management practices on organizational performance. Specially, the study explored the effectiveness of knowledge transferring depend on learning capability, leadership skills and experience of employees. H1: Effectiveness of knowledge transfer is influenced by characteristics of the transferred team members at the Sampath bank. Research questions How individual and organizational factors influence for the effectiveness of knowledge transfer? What are the individual characteristics affect to knowledge transfer? How transfer knowledge via transferred employees? Significance of the research The main significance of this study is to help management of The Sampath Bank identify the effectiveness of knowledge transferring from transferred employees. Effectiveness of knowledge transferring relates to Banks current business performance named as customer orientation, competent people, long term profitability and growth, image building, effectiveness leadership among major customer segments. This knowledge will enable management implement the appropriate strategies that help improve the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. On the other hand, knowledge transferring plays significance role in building up sustainable competitive advantage in Banking industry. Limitation of the study The aim of this section is to define the boundaries of the study or to enumerate how the researcher has narrowed down its focus. The survey was conducted over a period of three months. Organization of the Report The main body of this report comprises seven sections. Its structural organization is presented in Figure 1.2 given below. Chapter 03 Research methodology and framework Chapter 04 Thematic organization, presentation and Analysis of data Chapter 05 Statistics outcome. Chapter 06 Concluding remarks Chapter 01 Introduction Chapter 02 Literature review Source: Researchers orginal constraction. The introduction that comprises a glimpse of the study, focusing on the context, the objectives of the study, an overview of the Sampath bank in Sri Lanka, the research issue and empirical setting of the research. it also provides an account of limitations that the researcher has set for defining the boundaries of the study. Chapter two contains a review of past research on the topics covered in this study. In this section, some important findings of past studies are outlined, while attention is paid to their methodological concerns. A special feature of thhhis literature review is the emphasis placed on bringing to the fore findings of knowledge transferring and characteristics of employees. The research methodology and framework of the study are presented in chapter three. Key areas addressed therein include the case study research strategy employed, units of analysis, the method of sampling, methods of data collection, the quality of research strategy and the research framework. The foundation for this study as developed in the preceding two sections leads to the development of a conceptual framework as a piece of original work of the researcher, which has strengthened the researchers endeavor to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the subject. Chapter four and five which are based on Knowledge transferring and transferred employees. Chapter Four explains the methodology, adopted in this study in order to empirically test the research hypotheses. Moreover, the chapter presents findings, statistics outcomes and facts. Chapter Five comprises of a review of data collection, followed by a detailed review of the factor analysis.in addition, objectives of the study, evaluate hypotheses and limitations are presented. And, it presents the similarities and differences between knowledge transfers and employee transfers with special reference to the organization of knowledge transferring function and job transfer. Chapter six presents findings and concluding remarks of the study. Latter part of this section documents presents limitations of the study, inviting the attention of academics, researchers, scholars and practitioners to understand how they could plan future research taking cognizance of these limitations. Potential research would essentially contribute to broadening the horizons of the body of knowledge and wisdom on knowledge transferring as an academic and professional discipline. Literature Review 2.0 Introduction to the chapter The purpose of this chapter is to present the literature review related to the concepts incorporated in the study. This chapter consists of sections such as definition of knowledge, definition of knowledge management, types of knowledge, importance of knowledge, knowledge and organizational performance, knowledge transferring, knowledge transferring and competitive advantage, factors affecting for knowledge transferring, effectiveness of knowledge transferring and knowledge transferring in financial institutions and Individual characteristics and knowledge transferring. Meanwhile 2.1 Knowledge and Knowledge transferring Knowledge is fluid mixes of framed experience, values, contextual information and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incur pirating new experiences and information or Knowledge is about people, relationship. Communities and new ways of working Tan (2010) reviewed that knowledge are the two types of knowledge such as explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Information systems which achieved by organization named as explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge refers to informal knowledge which gain through work experiences. Most scholars divide knowledge into two types such as explicit knowledge or information, and tacit knowledge or know-how (Hussain. Lucas. and Ali., 2004). The key to knowledge is capturing intellectual assets for the tangible benefits for the organization. As such, imperatives of knowledge is to transform knowledge to add value to the processes and operations of the business, leverage knowledge strategic to business to accelerate growth and innovation and use knowledge to provide a competitive advantage for the business. (Hussain. Lucas. and Ali., 2004). Knowledge management is an organizational discipline bridging information demand and supply in support of learning processes within organizations (Curado.n.d.). Knowledge management enables the communication of knowledge from one person to another so that it can be used by the other person. (Hussain. Lucas. and Ali. , 2004). Knowledge transfer (KT), knowledge retention (KR), and knowledge utilization (KU) are identified as components of knowledge management systems.( Gayton, 2009). Knowledge transfer revealed by Makino (1990) typically has been used to describe the movement of knowledge between different units, divisions, or organizations rather than individuals. This is described Tan,(2010) and Disterer (2001) by stating Knowledge transferring can be defined as a social interaction culture involving the exchange of employee knowledge, experiences and knowledge through the whole department or organizations. However, Gayton (2009) concluded knowledge transferring is not only between departments. The process of knowledge can be transferred through one channel to another channel such as group, department and branch. Therefore, Knowledge transfer means knowledge sharing within an organization between individual and groups (Trautman,2011). 2.2 Significance of Knowledge transferring Most knowledge organizations, uses multiple knowledge management tools to transfer knowledge. With the result of knowledge transfer any organization that competes with other organizations in the marketplace on quality, price, or customer loyalty. (Schlomer, Anderson and Shaw,1997). Due to the, emergence of personal networks and applications, knowledge transferring and capturing are becoming more on-demand. And, Organizations must continuously update their knowledge resource to stay in the competition (Bhatti, Zaheer and Rehman, 2010). Knowledge transferring is necessary for companies because what worked yesterday may or may not work tomorrow because, market needs are changing rapidly. Knowledge is a vital factor for financial institutions. Use the knowledge management system enhances continuous improvement and innovation to gain competitive advantage. Demands from customers and Human resources require transfer knowledge within the organization (Rasoulinezhad,n.d.). 2.3 Factors that Influence Knowledge Sharing There is a scarcity of research specifically in the area of knowledge sharing between individuals in organizations, and empirical evidence has just begun to uncover some of the complex dynamics that exist in processes related to knowledge sharing. Based on a review of theory and research related to knowledge sharing, the following have been identified as the major factors that influence knowledge sharing between individuals in organizations: the nature of knowledge, motivation to share, opportunities to share, and the culture of the work environment. 2.3.1 Nature of Knowledge Knowledge by its very nature exists in both tacit and explicit forms. However, with the increasing recognition of the importance of knowledge in organizations, different types of knowledge have also begun to be valued differently within organizations. These two characteristics of the nature of knowledge, tackiness and explicitness of knowledge, and the value attributed to knowledge have a significant influence on the way knowledge is shared within organizations. 2.3.2 Tacit and explicit knowledge. The dominant classification of knowledge in organizations divides it into two types, tacit and explicit. The critical differences between these two types are found in three major areas codifiability and mechanisms for transfer, methods for acquisition and accumulation, and the potential to be collected and distributed (Lam, 2000). The concept of tacit knowledge was first presented by Polanyi (1966), who argued that a large part of human knowledge cannot be articulated and made explicit easily. Tacit knowledge can be thought of as the know-how that is acquired through personal experience (Nonaka, 1994). It is therefore not easily codifiable and cannot be communicated or used without the individual who is the knower. Tacit knowledge also tends to be sticky in nature. Lam (2000) defined stickiness as the incremental expenditure involved in moving knowledge in a form that is useable and easily understood by the information seeker. According to Lam, stickiness for the knowledge supplier c omes from the tackiness of the knowledge that has to be shared, whereas absorptive capacity creates stickiness for the knowledge user. Therefore, tackiness of knowledge is a natural impediment to the successful sharing of knowledge between individuals in organizations. Explicit knowledge, on the other hand, can be easily codified, stored at a single location, and transferred across time and space independent of individuals (Lam, 2000). It is easier to disseminate and communicate (Schulz, 2001). Explicit knowledge therefore has a natural advantage over tacit knowledge in terms of its ability to be shared relatively easily among individuals. However, just because explicit knowledge is easily transferred across individuals and settings, it should not be assumed that it is easily shared in organizations. Weiss (1999) argued that the ability to articulate knowledge should not be equated with its availability for use by others in the organization. To support this point, he made a distinct ion between explicit knowledge that is easily shared with that which is not by introducing the notion of rationalized knowledge and embedded knowledge within the context of professional services organizations. Rationalized knowledge is general, context independent, standardized, and public. Weiss suggested that because this knowledge has been separated from its original source and is independent of specific individuals, this knowledge is readily shared and available to all those who seek it. Embedded knowledge, on the other hand, is context dependent, narrowly applicable, personalized, and may be personally or professionally sensitive. Therefore, explicit knowledge that is embedded in nature is not likely to be easily shared among individuals. However, knowledge must be seen as more than just explicit and tacit in nature. Regardless of whether knowledge is tacit or explicit, the value attributed to it also has a significant impact on whether and how individuals share it. 2.3.3 Value of knowledge Knowledge is increasingly perceived as being commercially valuable, and its ownership is being recognized by both individuals and the organizations they work in (Brown Woodland, 1999). When individuals perceive the knowledge they possess as a valuable commodity, knowledge sharing becomes a process mediated by decisions about what knowledge to share, when to share, and who to share it with (Andrews and Delahaye, 2000). In situations in which it is valued highly, individuals may tend to claim emotional ownership of knowledge (Jones and Jordan, 1998). This sense of ownership comes from the fact that in several settings, individual knowledge is linked to status, career prospects, and individual reputations (Andrews and Delahaye, 2000). The sharing of such knowledge is a complex process, and Jones and Jordan (1998) found that it involved, among other things, the extent to which individuals perceived themselves to be valued by their organization. Certain types of knowledge are valued highly by both individuals and organizations. For example, knowledge related to research and development is valued highly because of its commercial and scientific value. Research suggests that in research and development organizations, creative power resides in a relatively small number of individuals (Armbrecht et al., 2001), creating issues of ownership particularly because it is linked to tangible outcomes such as creation of new products, patents, research grants, and individual incomes. Therefore, in highly competitive environments or those in which knowledge has high commercial value, there exists a dilemma resulting from contradictory incentives to share knowledge and to withhold it. In organizations in which an individuals knowledge becomes his or her primary source of value to the firm, sharing this knowledge might potentially result in diminishing the value of the individual, creating a reluctance to engage in knowledge-sharing activities. Professionals, in particular, tend to guard their knowledge as they perceive that their own value to the firm is a product of the knowledge they possess (Weiss, 1999). Any reluctance to share knowledge is further heightened in situations characterized by uncertainties and insecurities, such as mergers and acquisitions (Armbrecht et al., 2001). 2.3.4 Motivation to Share Knowledge is intimately and inextricably bound with peoples egos and occupations and does not flow easily across the organization. According to Stenmark (2001), People are not likely to share knowledge without strong personal motivation. Motivational factors that influence knowledge sharing between individuals can be divided into internal and external factors. Internal factors include the perceived power attached to the knowledge and the reciprocity that results from sharing. External factors include relationship with the recipient and rewards for sharing. Knowledge as power, the increasing importance given to knowledge in organizations, and the increasing value attributed to individuals who possess the right kind of knowledge are conducive to creating the notion of power around knowledge. If individuals perceive that power comes from the knowledge they possess, it is likely to lead to knowledge hoarding instead of knowledge sharing. According to Brown and Woodland, individuals use knowledge for both control and defense (Armbrecht et al., 2001).In a competitive environment, withholding knowledge from those considered competitors is often regarded as being useful to attaining ones goals. Power politics is therefore an important aspect of knowledge sharing in organizations (Weiss, 1999). Blackler, Crump, and McDonald (1998) concurred with the notion that knowledge can be perceived as a source of power in organizations. They suggested that because knowledge is always situated within a particular context, it is natural that culture and power dynamics within the context affect the way knowledge is perceived and used. Reciprocity or the mutual give-and-take of knowledge can facilitate knowledge sharing if individuals see that the value-add to them depends on the extent to which they share their own knowledge with others. Reciprocal acts as those in which individuals help others and share information without negotiation of terms and without knowledge of whether or when the other will reciprocate. Reciprocity as a motivator of knowledge sharing implies that individuals must be able to anticipate that sharing knowledge will prove worthwhile (Weiss, 1999). It is the expectation that those involved in sharing knowledge will be able to acquire or benefit from some of the value created by their involvement. Empirical evidence for the relationship between reciprocity and knowledge sharing indicates that receiving knowledge from others stimulates a reciprocal flow of knowledge in the direction of the sender both horizontally and vertically in organizations (Schulz, 2001). Support for the relationship between reciprocity and knowledge sharing was also found by Hall (2001). Reciprocity is also thought to be a motivator of knowledge sharing in communities of practice where knowledge sharing results in enhancing participants expertise and providing opportunities for recognition. 2.3.5 Opportunities to Share Opportunities to share knowledge in organizations can be both formal and informal in nature. Formal opportunities include training programs, structured work teams, and technology-based systems that facilitate the sharing of knowledge. Stenmark (2001) referred to these asformal interactions, and Hall (2001) called them purposive learning channelsthose that are designed to explicitly acquire and disseminate knowledge. Informal opportunities include personal relationships and social networks that facilitate learning and the sharing of knowledge Weiss (1999) referred to these informal opportunities as relational learning channels. Purposive learning channels provide individuals with a structured environment in which to share knowledge. Armbrecht et al (2001) identified some formal interventions that facilitate knowledge sharing in organizations, from basic instructions to share knowledge, to more complex interventions such as Nominal Group Technique and the Delphi Technique. However, knowledge shared through formal channels tends to be mainly explicit in nature (Yang ,2007) The advantages of purposive learning channels are that they are able to connect a large number of individuals and they allow for the speedy dissemination of shared knowledge, especially through electronic networks and other technology-based systems. Empirical evidence for successful knowledge sharing through formal channels was found by Chini (2004) and Tan (2010) Although purposive learning channels play an important role in facilitating knowledge sharing, research indicates that the most amount of knowledge is shared in informal settings through the relational learning. Relational channels facilitate face-to-face communication, which allows for the building of trust, which in turn is critical to sharing knowledge. These informal opportunities to interact with other people help individuals develop respect and friendship, which influences their behavior Lim (2005) called this relation al embeddedness the kind of personal relationships that people develop when they interact with each other over a period of time. 2.3.6 Culture of the Work Environment The factors described above are important to understanding the manner in which knowledge is shared between individuals. However, all of these factors are influenced by the culture of the work environment the culture of the subunit and/or the culture of the organization at large. Organizational culture is increasingly being recognized as a major barrier to effective knowledge creation, sharing, and use (Weiss,1999). Organizations are essentially cultural entities Lim (2005) and therefore, regardless of what organizations do to manage knowledge, the influences of the organizations culture are much stronger. Dyer (1998) defined culture as a pattern of basic assumptions that is developed by a group as they grapple with and develop solutions to everyday problems. When these assumptions work well enough to be considered valid, they are taught to new members as the appropriate way to approach these problems. Schein further added that a key part of every culture is a set of assumptions about how to determine or discover what is real and how members of a group take an action, how they determine what is relevant information, and when they have enough of it, to determine whether to act and what to do. Culture is therefore reflected in the values, norms, and practices of the organization, where values are manifested in norms that in turn shape specific practices (Kasim, 2008). Weiss (1999) identified certain aspects of organizational culture that influence knowledge sharing culture shapes assumptions about which knowledge is important, it control